{"id":2974,"date":"2019-10-03T10:40:04","date_gmt":"2019-10-03T08:40:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/Le-Mont-Saint-Michel-nouveau-ACCUEIL\/?page_id=2974"},"modified":"2021-11-27T16:37:58","modified_gmt":"2021-11-27T15:37:58","slug":"lepoque-des-polders-et-des-digues-bis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/Le%20Mont-Saint-Michel%20en%20ligne.htm.htm\/lepoque-des-polders-et-des-digues-bis","title":{"rendered":"L&rsquo;\u00e9poque des polders et des digues"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"text-align: justify; color: #333333;\">En cr\u00e9ant des polders et des digues, la main de l&rsquo;homme depuis le 19e si\u00e8cle a acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 le processus d&rsquo;ensablement. Il faut remonter en 1856 pour comprendre ce qui s&rsquo;est pass\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Napol\u00e9on III cr\u00e9e des polders dans la baie du Mont-Saint-Michel, en 1856.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2239\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2239\" style=\"width: 216px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/le-mont-saint-michel-nouveau\/abbaye\/patrimoine-mondial-unesco.html\/?attachment_id=2239\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-2239 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Napol\u00e9on-III.jpg?resize=216%2C300\" alt=\"Napol\u00e9on III\" width=\"216\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Napol\u00e9on-III.jpg?resize=216%2C300&amp;ssl=1 216w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Napol\u00e9on-III.jpg?w=322&amp;ssl=1 322w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 216px) 100vw, 216px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2239\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Napol\u00e9on III<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Il<\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"> d\u00e9sire favoriser l&rsquo;agriculture, en s&rsquo;inspirant des polders hollandais. On pensait \u00e0&nbsp; l&rsquo;\u00e9poque que ces conqu\u00eates sur la mer am\u00e8neraient la richesse publique. Car les endiguements cr\u00e9ent des terres les plus fertiles, c&rsquo;\u00e9tait une th\u00e9orie de philosophes \u00e9conomiques que l&rsquo;on appelait les <em>Physiocrates<\/em>. L&rsquo;Etat veut attirer les grands capitaux \u00e0 se diriger vers l&rsquo;agriculture, car il faut des fonds consid\u00e9rables pour entreprendre ces grands travaux.&nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">En 1856, il <\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">accorde une concession pour la cr\u00e9ation de 3.000 hectares de polders,&nbsp; dans la Baie du Mont-Saint-Michel, les travaux seront achev\u00e9s en 1934. <span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">La concession est faite \u00e0 Messieurs Mosselman et Donon, des banquiers connus dans l&rsquo;entourage de l&#8217;empereur. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">C&rsquo;est la<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"> Compagnie des Poders de l&rsquo;Ouest&nbsp; <\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">qui les r\u00e9alise et exploite les polders. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">&nbsp;Elle doit :<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Verser dans les 15 ann\u00e9es une redevance de 377.878 F,(Francs de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">R\u00e9aliser <strong>la canalisation du Couesnon<\/strong> au moyen d&rsquo;un chenal calibr\u00e9 entre 2 digues insubmersibles dans un d\u00e9lai de 6 ans.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Construire vers 1859,&nbsp; la <strong>digue de la Roche Torin<\/strong>, qui devait acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le colmatage pour la r\u00e9alisation des polders, \u00e0 l&rsquo;Est du Mont. Cette digue devait atteindre le rocher du Mont-Saint-Michel.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2240\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2240\" style=\"width: 336px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/le-mont-saint-michel-nouveau\/abbaye\/patrimoine-mondial-unesco.html\/?attachment_id=2240\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-2240 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Polders-vue-a\u00e9rienne.jpg?resize=336%2C345\" alt=\"Vue a\u00e9rienne des polders\" width=\"336\" height=\"345\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Polders-vue-a\u00e9rienne.jpg?w=336&amp;ssl=1 336w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Polders-vue-a\u00e9rienne.jpg?resize=292%2C300&amp;ssl=1 292w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 336px) 100vw, 336px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2240\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Vue a\u00e9rienne des polders prise en 2011<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Qu&rsquo;est-ce qu&rsquo;un polder ? <\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Le mot polder est d&rsquo;origine hollandaise. Il d\u00e9signe un territoire conquis sur la mer et continuellement d\u00e9fendu contre celle-ci. Le polder doit donc \u00eatre ceint de <strong>digues<\/strong> qui emp\u00eachent la p\u00e9n\u00e9tration&nbsp; des eaux ext\u00e9rieures de la mer. Et aucun cours d&rsquo;eau ne traverse plus le polder, seule l&rsquo;eau de pluie tombe, le d\u00e9barrassant du sel. Cette eau est ensuite drain\u00e9e comme le montre le petit ruisseau sur la gauche de la photo ci-dessous.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2241\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2241\" style=\"width: 448px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/le-mont-saint-michel-nouveau\/abbaye\/patrimoine-mondial-unesco.html\/?attachment_id=2241\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-2241 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/polders.jpg?resize=448%2C336\" alt=\"Un polder de la Baie du Mont-Saint-Michel\" width=\"448\" height=\"336\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/polders.jpg?w=448&amp;ssl=1 448w, https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/polders.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 448px) 100vw, 448px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2241\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Un polder et son drainage<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-2974 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-medium'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/Le%20Mont-Saint-Michel%20en%20ligne.htm.htm\/polders-gros-plan'><img width=\"300\" height=\"165\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Polders-gros-plan.jpg?fit=300%2C165&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-2908\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Polders-gros-plan.jpg?w=448&amp;ssl=1 448w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Polders-gros-plan.jpg?resize=300%2C165&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-2908'>\n\t\t\t\tCulture intensive sur un polder\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/Le%20Mont-Saint-Michel%20en%20ligne.htm.htm\/lepoque-des-polders-et-des-digues-bis\/la-roche-torin'><img width=\"300\" height=\"229\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/La-Roche-Torin.jpg?fit=300%2C229&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"La digue de la Roche Torin\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-2982\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/La-Roche-Torin.jpg?w=441&amp;ssl=1 441w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/La-Roche-Torin.jpg?resize=300%2C229&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-2982'>\n\t\t\t\tLa digue de la Roche Torin\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Voil\u00e0 le plan des digues en projet, <a href=\"http:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/Le-Mont-Saint-Michel-en-ligne.%20ACCUEIL\/sauvons-le-mont-2\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">le Mont-Saint-Michel devenait le point d&rsquo;appui de ces digues !<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2242\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2242\" style=\"width: 550px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/le-mont-saint-michel-nouveau\/abbaye\/patrimoine-mondial-unesco.html\/?attachment_id=2242\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-2242\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Le-Mont-pivot-des-digues.jpg?resize=525%2C288\" alt=\"Le Mont-Saint-Michel point d'appui des digues\" width=\"525\" height=\"288\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Le-Mont-pivot-des-digues.jpg?w=448&amp;ssl=1 448w, https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Le-Mont-pivot-des-digues.jpg?resize=300%2C165&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 525px) 100vw, 525px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2242\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Plan des digues en projet<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2985\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2985\" style=\"width: 448px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/Le-Mont-Saint-Michel-nouveau-ACCUEIL\/lepoque-des-polders-et-des-digues-bis\/canal-du-couesnon-3\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-2985\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2985\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Canal-du-Couesnon-1.jpg?resize=448%2C199\" alt=\"\" width=\"448\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Canal-du-Couesnon-1.jpg?w=448&amp;ssl=1 448w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Canal-du-Couesnon-1.jpg?resize=300%2C133&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 448px) 100vw, 448px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2985\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Le Couesnon canalis\u00e9<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Cependant, durant les premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es des travaux des polders, le Mont-Saint-Michel avait conserv\u00e9 son aspect maritime au fond de la baie, qui conna\u00eet les plus fortes mar\u00e9es d&rsquo;Europe continentale.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/accueil\/vue-du-mont-gravure-correction-2\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-522\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-522 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Vue-du-Mont-gravure-correction-2.jpg?resize=448%2C244\" alt=\"&quot;Gravure du Mont Saint Michel avant 1879, Normadie, France &quot;\" width=\"448\" height=\"244\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Vue-du-Mont-gravure-correction-2.jpg?w=448&amp;ssl=1 448w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Vue-du-Mont-gravure-correction-2.jpg?resize=300%2C163&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 448px) 100vw, 448px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">La dangerosit\u00e9 de la baie du Mont-Saint-Michel. <\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">La faible profondeur des fonds marins explique qu&rsquo;\u00e0 mar\u00e9e montante \u00ab\u00a0<em><strong> la mer monte \u00e0 la vitesse d&rsquo;un cheval au galop\u00a0\u00bb . <\/strong><\/em>Cette irruption d&rsquo;une telle masse d&rsquo;eau sur le rocher granitique suffit \u00e0 lui donner son nom de <em><strong>\u00ab\u00a0Saint-Michel au p\u00e9ril de la mer\u00a0\u00bb.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/em>Vieille appellation des temps jadis, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9e durant des si\u00e8cles dans les r\u00e9cits relatant la dangerosit\u00e9 de la travers\u00e9e des gr\u00e8ves.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Donc<\/span> l<\/span>es gr\u00e8ves faisaient partie de la vie des Montois, que cela soit pour la p\u00eache, les all\u00e9es et venues vers le continent ou la conduite de rares visiteurs. Mais comme nous l&rsquo;avons vu, la baie peut \u00eatre dangereuse et les gr\u00e8ves ne sont pas toujours aussi paisibles que ces lithographies peuvent le laisser croire. Au mus\u00e9e d&rsquo;Avranches un tableau d&rsquo;E.Baudoux repr\u00e9sente une travers\u00e9e parfois mouvement\u00e9e avec de grandes frayeurs pour les passagers.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<div id='gallery-2' class='gallery galleryid-2974 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-medium'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/Le%20Mont-Saint-Michel%20en%20ligne.htm.htm\/traversee-baie'><img width=\"300\" height=\"180\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Travers\u00e9e-baie.jpg?fit=300%2C180&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Mer montante, frayeur, danger\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-2248\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Travers\u00e9e-baie.jpg?w=448&amp;ssl=1 448w, https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Travers\u00e9e-baie.jpg?resize=300%2C180&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-2248'>\n\t\t\t\tRetour du Mont-Saint-Michel\nune travers\u00e9e mouvement\u00e9e\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/Le%20Mont-Saint-Michel%20en%20ligne.htm.htm\/tempete-au-mont'><img width=\"300\" height=\"191\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/temp\u00eate-au-Mont.jpg?fit=300%2C191&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Temp\u00eate au Mont-Saint-Michel\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-2249\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/temp\u00eate-au-Mont.jpg?w=448&amp;ssl=1 448w, https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/temp\u00eate-au-Mont.jpg?resize=300%2C191&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"100vw\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-2249'>\n\t\t\t\tLithographie d&rsquo;une temp\u00eate au Mont-Saint-Michel\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">C&rsquo;est pourquoi, on envisage un lien permanent entre le continent et le Mont-Saint-Michel : une digue insubmersible !<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/le-mont-saint-michel-nouveau\/abbaye\/patrimoine-mondial-unesco.html\/?attachment_id=2250\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-2250\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2250 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Le-Mont-avant-1879.jpg?resize=448%2C238\" alt=\"Aboutissement de la digue-route sur les remparts\" width=\"448\" height=\"238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Le-Mont-avant-1879.jpg?w=448&amp;ssl=1 448w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Le-Mont-avant-1879.jpg?resize=300%2C159&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 448px) 100vw, 448px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Cette digue devait permettre l&rsquo;acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la Merveille sans \u00eatre tributaire de la mar\u00e9e. Un bon objectif en soi. Si ces travaux, pouvaient se comprendre, ils sont vites contest\u00e9s et deviennent l&rsquo;intervention humaine de trop ! Cette ultime digue-route parce qu&rsquo;elle aboutit directement sur les remparts va \u00eatre l&rsquo;objet, d\u00e8s son ach\u00e8vement d&rsquo;une vive pol\u00e9mique. On se rend compte plus tard, de la <\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem;\">modification de l&rsquo;aspect esth\u00e9tique du <strong>Mont-Saint-Michel<\/strong> et de <strong>la perte de son insularit\u00e9 !<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>Le chantier de la digue-route commence en 1878. <\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9cret d&rsquo;utilit\u00e9 publique sign\u00e9 par le Pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique Mac Mahon en 1874, le chantier commence d\u00e8s 1878. Un chantier moderne \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9poque qui utilise des petits wagonnets sur rails, tract\u00e9s par des chevaux. On voit un nombre important d&rsquo;ouvriers, ce sont des travaux rondement men\u00e9s. On distingue le Mont-Saint-Michel dans le fond sur la gauche.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a style=\"font-weight: bold; font-size: 0.8125rem; font-style: italic;\" href=\"http:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/le-mont-saint-michel-nouveau\/abbaye\/patrimoine-mondial-unesco.html\/?attachment_id=2253\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-2253\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-2253 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Le-chantier-en-1878.jpg?resize=525%2C247\" alt=\"Digue-route\" width=\"525\" height=\"247\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Le-chantier-en-1878.jpg?w=448&amp;ssl=1 448w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Le-chantier-en-1878.jpg?resize=300%2C141&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 525px) 100vw, 525px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #666666;\"> Le<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #666666; font-style: italic;\"> chantier de la digue-route en 1878<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">La digue-route atteint les remparts en juin 1879<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_986\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-986\" style=\"width: 448px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/les-grands-travaux\/image34\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-986\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-986 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Image34.jpg?resize=448%2C260\" alt=\"&quot; Mont Saint Michel arrivee de la digue route sur les remparts&quot;\" width=\"448\" height=\"260\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Image34.jpg?w=448&amp;ssl=1 448w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Image34.jpg?resize=300%2C174&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 448px) 100vw, 448px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-986\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<strong>La digue-route encore inachev\u00e9e<\/strong><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2255\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2255\" style=\"width: 1599px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/le-mont-saint-michel-nouveau\/abbaye\/patrimoine-mondial-unesco.html\/?attachment_id=2255\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-2255\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2255\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/La-digue-et-voiture-\u00e0-cheval.jpg?resize=525%2C331\" alt=\"Digue-route du Mont-saint-Michel\" width=\"525\" height=\"331\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/La-digue-et-voiture-\u00e0-cheval.jpg?w=1599&amp;ssl=1 1599w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/La-digue-et-voiture-\u00e0-cheval.jpg?resize=300%2C189&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/La-digue-et-voiture-\u00e0-cheval.jpg?resize=768%2C484&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/La-digue-et-voiture-\u00e0-cheval.jpg?resize=600%2C378&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/La-digue-et-voiture-\u00e0-cheval.jpg?w=1050 1050w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 706px) 89vw, (max-width: 767px) 82vw, 740px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2255\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>En voiture \u00e0 cheval vers le Mont, sur la nouvelle digue- route.<\/strong><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9. <\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Les plans des ing\u00e9nieurs des Ponts et Chausses ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cependant tr\u00e8s bien faits, la digie-route n&rsquo;a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 submerg\u00e9e lors des grandes mar\u00e9es.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2256\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2256\" style=\"width: 580px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/le-mont-saint-michel-nouveau\/abbaye\/patrimoine-mondial-unesco.html\/?attachment_id=2256\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-2256\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-2256\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Image-plateforme-de-la-digue.jpg?resize=525%2C228\" alt=\"Digue-route, largeur 10 metres, 1 m\u00e8tre au- desus de la mer\" width=\"525\" height=\"228\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Image-plateforme-de-la-digue.jpg?w=448&amp;ssl=1 448w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Image-plateforme-de-la-digue.jpg?resize=300%2C131&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 525px) 100vw, 525px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2256\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>La digue-route achev\u00e9e selon les calculs des Pont- et&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Chauss\u00e9es<\/strong><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_182\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-182\" style=\"width: 448px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/accueil\/image3-lancienne-digue\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-182\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-182 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Image3-Lancienne-digue.jpg?resize=448%2C302\" alt=\"&quot; Mont Saint Michel la digue route empeche que le Mont soit une ile&quot;\" width=\"448\" height=\"302\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Image3-Lancienne-digue.jpg?w=448&amp;ssl=1 448w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Image3-Lancienne-digue.jpg?resize=300%2C202&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 448px) 100vw, 448px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-182\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>La digue-route qui emp\u00eache que le Mont soit une \u00eele,&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;photographi\u00e9e avant sa destruction, en 2015.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Le paradoxe de la digue-route. &nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Elle est combattue par les d\u00e9fenseurs de l&rsquo;esth\u00e9tique et de l&rsquo;insular\u00e9 du Mont-Saint-Michel. Mais elle<\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> va cependant participer au d\u00e9veloppement du tourisme et contribuer \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation du Mont-Saint-Michel dans le monde entier. On va y installer la voie ferr\u00e9e d&rsquo;un train.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>La construction d&rsquo;une ligne de chemin de fer. <\/strong>C&rsquo;est un tramway encore appel\u00e9 petit train, qui est \u00e9tabli entre Pontorson et le Mont, inaugur\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9t\u00e9 1901. C&rsquo;est tout de suite un grand succ\u00e8s !&nbsp;Mais surtout, on r\u00e9alise cette voie ferr\u00e9e avec un \u00e9cartement de 1,44 m\u00e8tre comme celui des lignes des grands trains, d&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, et non pas dans l&rsquo;\u00e9cartement m\u00e9trique <\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">de 1 m\u00e8tre, correspondant \u00e0 celui des petites lignes. Cela a pour cons\u00e9quence de faire venir les trains de Paris directement devant les remparts ! C&rsquo;est l&rsquo;entreprise d&rsquo;origine belge, les <em><strong>Transports Verney<\/strong> <\/em>bas\u00e9e au Mans, qui en a eu l&rsquo;initiative. Une d\u00e9marche tr\u00e8s marketing !<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1494\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1494\" style=\"width: 448px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/le-mont-saint-michel-nouveau\/abbaye\/patrimoine-mondial-unesco.html\/?attachment_id=1494\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1494\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-1494 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Image5-2.jpg?resize=448%2C287\" alt=\"Train devant les remparts du Mont-saint-Michel\" width=\"448\" height=\"287\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Image5-2.jpg?w=448&amp;ssl=1 448w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Image5-2.jpg?resize=300%2C192&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 448px) 100vw, 448px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1494\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>Un grand train gar\u00e9 au pied du rocher du Mont-Saint-Michel, en&nbsp; 1901, c&rsquo;est un \u00e9v\u00e8nement.<\/strong><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>Puis c&rsquo;est le r\u00e8gne de la voiture<\/strong>. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Au d\u00e9but de ces ann\u00e9es 1900, le chemin de fer est \u00e0 son apog\u00e9e, les lignes se sont multipli\u00e9es. Cependant arrive bient\u00f4t le r\u00e8gne de la voiture&nbsp; qui va&nbsp; d\u00e9tr\u00f4ner le rail, comme le montre le premier parking sur les gr\u00e8ves \u00e9tabli en 1926;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a style=\"font-weight: bold; font-size: 0.8125rem; font-style: italic;\" href=\"http:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/le-mont-saint-michel-nouveau\/abbaye\/patrimoine-mondial-unesco.html\/?attachment_id=2266\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-2266\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2266 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Parkings-devant-remparts-2.jpg?resize=448%2C290\" alt=\"Parking devant les remparts\" width=\"448\" height=\"290\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Parkings-devant-remparts-2.jpg?w=448&amp;ssl=1 448w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Parkings-devant-remparts-2.jpg?resize=300%2C194&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 448px) 100vw, 448px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Les voitures prennent possession des gr\u00e8ves devant&nbsp; le Mont-Saint-Michel en 1926.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Et le succ\u00e8s touristique du Mont-Saint-Michel va se poursuivre apr\u00e8s la Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre Mondiale, avec le d\u00e9veloppement de la voiture moderne et le classement du site au <strong>patrimoine mondial de l&rsquo;UNESCO en 1979.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2267\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2267\" style=\"width: 444px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/le-mont-saint-michel-nouveau\/abbaye\/patrimoine-mondial-unesco.html\/?attachment_id=2267\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-2267\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-2267 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Ancien-parkings-sur-les-gr\u00e8ves.jpg?resize=444%2C273\" alt=\"Parking sur les gr\u00e8ves, des cars\" width=\"444\" height=\"273\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Ancien-parkings-sur-les-gr\u00e8ves.jpg?w=444&amp;ssl=1 444w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Ancien-parkings-sur-les-gr\u00e8ves.jpg?resize=300%2C184&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 444px) 100vw, 444px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2267\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>Image du d\u00e9veloppement du tourisme, ce parking de cars sur les&nbsp; gr\u00e8ves au pied des remparts.<\/strong><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Une prise de conscience na\u00eet : il faut sauver le Mont-Saint-Michel !&nbsp; <\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">En effet, on parle du Mont ensabl\u00e9, des gr\u00e8ves qui ont perdu leur aspect naturel, du Mont d\u00e9figur\u00e9 par le tourisme de masse. Il faut faire quelque chose, c&rsquo;est le d\u00e9but d&rsquo;une lente r\u00e9flexion depuis la construction de la digue-route, le Mont-Saint-Michel est victime de son succ\u00e8s. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des grands travaux on va <strong><em>R\u00e9tablir le Caract\u00e8re Maritime<\/em><\/strong> aux abords du rocher, c&rsquo;est ce que vous allez d\u00e9couvrir en cliquant sur les pages suivantes du site.&nbsp; &nbsp; <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En cr\u00e9ant des polders et des digues, la main de l&rsquo;homme depuis le 19e si\u00e8cle a acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 le processus d&rsquo;ensablement. Il faut remonter en 1856 pour comprendre ce qui s&rsquo;est pass\u00e9. Napol\u00e9on III cr\u00e9e des polders dans la baie du Mont-Saint-Michel, en 1856. Il d\u00e9sire favoriser l&rsquo;agriculture, en s&rsquo;inspirant des polders hollandais. On pensait \u00e0&nbsp; &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/Le%20Mont-Saint-Michel%20en%20ligne.htm.htm\/lepoque-des-polders-et-des-digues-bis\" class=\"more-link\">Continuer la lecture<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> de &laquo;&nbsp;L&rsquo;\u00e9poque des polders et des digues&nbsp;&raquo;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2907,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"spay_email":""},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/Pau8Vf-LY","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/Le%20Mont-Saint-Michel%20en%20ligne.htm.htm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2974"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/Le%20Mont-Saint-Michel%20en%20ligne.htm.htm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/Le%20Mont-Saint-Michel%20en%20ligne.htm.htm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/Le%20Mont-Saint-Michel%20en%20ligne.htm.htm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/Le%20Mont-Saint-Michel%20en%20ligne.htm.htm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2974"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/Le%20Mont-Saint-Michel%20en%20ligne.htm.htm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2974\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2979,"href":"https:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/Le%20Mont-Saint-Michel%20en%20ligne.htm.htm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2974\/revisions\/2979"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/Le%20Mont-Saint-Michel%20en%20ligne.htm.htm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2907"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/montsaintmichelrcm.com\/Le%20Mont-Saint-Michel%20en%20ligne.htm.htm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2974"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}